Vehicle-tire.



H. DECH.

y VEHICLE TIRE. APPLIcAnoN FILED lMM2?. 1913.

L, Patented: Dec. 28,

W @MM U MTE@ @Telles narnirr HENRY DECH, E TRENTON, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO- EUREKA '.ERE COMPANY, 'fill TRENTON, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATON GFNEW JERSEY.

VEHICLE-TRE.

Application filed May W, 1913.

To all 'whom t may concern Be it known that l, HENRY DncH, a citi zen of the United States, and resident of Trenton, in the county of Mercer and State of New Jersey, have invented'a new land useful Improvement in vehiclefTires, of

4 which the following is a specification. 1

This invention relates to vehicle tires, and more particularly to pneumatic tires. In its ymost definite form, it pertains to fopen bellied casings for pneumatic tires.

The object is to provide an article of this character which will have great strength, wear-resisting `and puncture proof qualities combined with a maximum of resiliency.

Another object is to eliminate to a great extent, the so-called internal friction in the tire when in use on a vehicle, thereby providing` means for economizing the motive power used in propelling the vehicle.

The so-called casings for pneumatic vehicle tires are generally, if vnot universally, constructed on the open bellied principle, that is, they are substantially horseshoe shape in cross section; and consist in general of a carcass composed of a plurality of layers of fabric, and protected by an outer covering of rubber compound.- The carcass is generally constructed by stretching, strips of bias fabric, impregnated with unvulcanized rubber, about a metallicannulus or core and forming the edges of the strips of fabric down about the sides thereof. Owing' to the considerable difference between the inner diameterl and the outer diameter of the core or former, it is necessary to stretch the central portion of the,

strips of fabric, which lie upon the outer periphery of the core, practically to their elastic limit in order that it may be possible -to form the edges of the strips of fabric smoothly down upon the sides of the core.. The entire operation ofI making andvuicanizinef these casings is familiar in the art and will not be here described, reference being made merely to the single step referred to in order to clearly point out one of the great advantages of my invention. This great tension which is upon the center of the layers of fabric results in a structure which has been stretched, at its outer periphery, to its reasonable elastic limit, so faras any further peripheral extension is concerned. Consequently, the undulations to which the Specification of Letters lmatent.

Bec.. 2S, itali?.

sei-iai no. radier.

tread or outer portion of the tire is subj ected during its use on a vehicle in motion, generate a tremendous amount of internal friction in this part of the tire, which tends to greatly lessen the life of the tire by weakening the homogeneity of the structure, and also consumes an astonishingamount of the motive power provided for propelling the vehicle. lt 'is a scientifically established fact that one of the greatest sources of loss of power between the enginewand the road in a well designed motor vehicle is this internal friction in the tires.

ln constructing' the tire casing ofthe general kind mentioned, sufficient layers of fabric are used to give the tire considerablepuncture-proof structure and extraordinary wearing properties, owing to the fact that such increase in the fabric renders the tire 4extremely stiff in its-side walls, thus mate riaily reducing' its resiliency, and also tends ,to increase the amount of internal friction.

`With the above thoughts in mind, li have devised a tire structure in which the layers of fabric are so disposed as to remove the necessity for great stretching at the outer periphery of the tire carcass; and in which the outer portion of the tire carcass contains a relatively great number of layers of fabric, without any increase in the number of plies of fabric employed in the side walls of the tire; thus obviating the defects and obtaining the advantages above detailed..

.A practical embodiment of the invention is represented in the accompanying drawing which shows an enlarged cross section of a completed clencher casing.

ln making this tir-e casing, l preferably apply the first strip or layer of fabric, denoted by l, about an appropriate core or mandrel in the usual manner, the layer 'l extending completely about the mandrel from side-to side, so that it will reach from margin to margin, in the completed tire. This layer l may be stretched on in the usual manner above set forth. ln applying the next layer or ply, 2, l take a strip some what narrower than has heretofore been used, and superpose it-upon the layer l, with `one edge of the layer 2 adjacent to one edge of the layer 1, (indicated on the right hand side in the drawing), but with the other edge of the layer 2 extending only about half way down the opposite side of the layer 1; tliispoint of termination of the layer 2 being denoted in the drawing by the letter a. After the layer 2 has 'been applied, a layer 3, 'of substantially the same width as the layer 2, is superposed on Lthe layers 1 and 2; one edge of the layer 3 being substantially even with the edge of the layer lat the margin of the tire to which the layer 2 did not` extend; (this edge being indicated at the left in the drawing). The other edge of the layer 3 extends down the opposite side, upon the layers 1 and 2, to a point substantially opposed to the terminusof the layer 2,

which point of termination of the layer 3 is indicated by D. .After the third layer of fabric has been applied, the succeeding layers are put on intlie manner alr'eady described, successive layers extending transversely from first one margin and then the other of the tire carcass, to a point on the opposite side of the tire above the margin.

For instance, the fourth layer, denoted by Ll, starts at the margin to the right of the drawing land terminates its transverse extension at a point denoted by c on the other side of the tire, a predeterminedv distance.

- hand margin and terminates at the point g;

margin.

`afterthe first layerl has been applied, the

layers of each succeeding couple of plies of' the layer denoted by 9, starts at `the left hand margin and terminates ath; the layer den ted by 10, starts at the right hand margin and terminates at the point i; the layer denoted by 11, starts at the left hand margin and terminates at the point the layer denoted by 12, starts at the right hand margin and terminates at the point 7c; and the last layer of the carcass proper, denoted by 13, starts at the left hand margin and terminates at the point Z. l

It Will be observedthat after the first four layers have been applied, the ordinary bead cores 14: may be inserted for initiating the customary clencher shape for the margins r of the casing, :and that -all the layers subsequent to the lfourth layer'extend over the saidbeads 111, meeting with the layers l to 4: inclusive at the inner apex of the bead or It will be further observed that fabric are substantially the same width, and their lower edges are at the opposite margins or beads of the casing, while their up# per edges, after overlapping at the outer part of the tire, terminate-at points substantially opposite eachother in the sides of the casing. It is to be understood that these layers are of suitable fabric cut on the bias .and properly impregnated orcoated with a vulcanizable4 rubber compound, and that the tire may be lcompleted by the addition of a tread rubber compound 15, With, if desired,

the customary breakerl strip 16, .after which the whole tire maybe vulcanized by any desired method, .preferably the so-called onecure wrapped-tread process.

Owing tothe fact that the layers of fabric, numbers 2 to 13 inclusive, do not extend transversely around the tire section from margin to margin, it is not necessary to put a great strain upon the fabric'n order to have the layers lie smooth, for the reason that it is very much easier tostretch the edge or edges of the layers which terminate in the side walls of the tire but do not eX- tend to the margins thereof, than it would vbe to stretch the central portion of the plies or layers of fabric vif both edges of the strips extended to the margins of the tire. Accordingly, the fabric which constitutes the outer portion ofthe tire, withV the exception of layer 1,'is under very. much less tension than Vis the case with the ordinary structure of tire casing,- and therefore the wave motion which continually passes through the periphery of the tire when the vehicle is in motion, is readily absorbed by the tire without the generation of undue internal friction. Furthermore, while the side walls `of the tire, for a distance above n the clencher Ibeads or margins, 'are merely. the regular thickness of a so-calledv seven ply casing,- and vthereby retain the appropriate degree of resiliency; the outer portion of the casing-includes six more layers" of fabric, exclusive of the breaker strip 16, thereby rendering the casing very nearly puncture proof. Again, the graduating 1n the thickness of the fabric carcass from the margins outward toward the tread, causes a uniform increase in. stiffness and strength toward the tread portion, hence Aobviating the presence of any fixed point at which the great resiliency ceases and the great stiffness begins.

I do not intend to limitthis invention to A any particular kind of tire 'or to any particular kind of fabric, or to any particular number of layers orplies offabric, or to any particular extentor width of the strips of fabric, or to any other features hereinabove detailed, except as. they are specified in the claimsg` as I am aware thatvarious changes may be resorted to in the form,

lio

gas

Y struc-ture and arrangement of the several sheet extending` completely around the cirl cumference of the tire, and a said sheet hav lio ing a transverse extent from one margin of the tire to a terminating point in the oppo- .site side\wall above the margin.

2. A tire\having a carcass composed of l peripherally disposed sheets of fabric, each vsheet extending compietely'around the circumference of the tire, andbtpliira'lity of adjacent sheets having a. transverse' extentV from opposite margins ofthe tire to terminating points in opposite side Walls above .the margins -whereby `said adjacent sheets Will overlap each other in the tread portion of the tire.

3. A tire having a carcass composed of peripherally disposed sheets of fabric, some of said'sheets being arrangeclin pairs, the

sheets of each pair beingjugrtaposed and "having a transverse extentffromj-opposite margins of the tire to terminating points in opposite side Walls above the margins whereby said sheets overlap in the tread portion of the tire, and said pairs of sheets being graduated in Width so that the sheets in each succeeding outer pair have less transverse yextent than the sheets in the preceding pair.

4. A tire having a carcass composed of peripherally disposed sheets of fabric, a said sheet having a transverse extgntffrom margin to margin of the v"tire afd forming a foundation for the carcass, and the remaining sheets being arranged in pairs, the sheets" of each pair having a transverse extent from opposite margins of the tire to terminating points in opposite side Walls above,

` the margins, Wherebythe sheets overlap in the tread portion of the tire, and the sheets of each succeeding outer pair having less transverseextent than the sheets of the pre- -Ceding pair. d I

5. A tire having acarcass composedfof peripherally disposedsheets of fabric, a said @Si We) sheet having a transverse extent from niargin to margin. of the tire and forming a foundation for the carcass, and the remain ing sheets being arranged in pairs, the sheets of each pair having a transverse eX- tent from opposite margins of the tire to termina-ting points in opposite 'side Walls above the margins whereby the sheets overlap in the tread portion of the tire, and the sheets of each succeeding outer pair having less transverse extent than the sheets of the preceding pair, all of said sheets being juxtaposed and rmly bonded into a coherent, unitary structure.

6. A tire having a carcass composed, of peripherally disposed sheets of fabric, every sheet having its circumferential central portion lying in a radial plane with, respect to the cross sectionof the tire at an angle to the corresponding plane in which the corresponding portion of everyv other sheet lies.

7. A tire casing kcomprising a body made from resilient material, having clencher flanges at the edges thereof, and a reinforcing ...medium embedded Within the body at the innermost 4:side thereof and including tivo distinct series of fabric plies, both series being arranged in overlapping relation to each other throughout the tread area of the body and one edge of each ply terminat-.

as my invention, I have signed my name in Y presence of two Witnesses, this nineteenth day of May, 1913.

v HENRY DECl-l. /Witnessesr W. IV. MYERS, OMER E. LILLY. 

